why are microwave used in RADAR
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Microwaves are the energy waves between infrared (in what we consider the ‘heat’ range) and radio waves, below 300 GHz. So microwaves cover a huge range of frequencies from 300MHz to 300 GHz, which are equivalent to wavelengths from about 1millimeter to 1 meter.
Radars send out a wave of energy that is designed to reflect off and object and return to the receiver. The timing and change in the wave gives you information on the object it reflects off of. This can be anything from distance to speed and specific direction. The longer the wavelength generally the further you can send that wave, but the lower the resolution as to the object information and the slower the feedback. For air traffic control around the country know where the aircraft is within 10 or 20 feet is fine, however for a precision approach you probably need a tighter range and faster updates. If you are going to track a fighter aircraft, a missile, or guide a high-speed missile to a target you need very fine precision and very fast up dates.
Longer range early warning radars and radars designed to track targets in a large are will use lower frequency radars (microwaves) in the UHF/VHF bands (30-3000 MHz).
Fighter aircraft and missile control radars tend to be in the higher frequency X band (8-13 GHz).
Most of the police speed radar is now up in the K and Ka band (~18 GHz and ~35GHz).
These are all “microwaves”. Specific frequencies within those bands are chosen for the exact opposite you use in your microwave oven. For radar transmissions, we do not want the energy absorbed by water in the air. For your microwave oven, what actually makes it work is the water in the food absorbing the energy from the microwaves and making it hot.
Radars send out a wave of energy that is designed to reflect off and object and return to the receiver. The timing and change in the wave gives you information on the object it reflects off of. This can be anything from distance to speed and specific direction. The longer the wavelength generally the further you can send that wave, but the lower the resolution as to the object information and the slower the feedback. For air traffic control around the country know where the aircraft is within 10 or 20 feet is fine, however for a precision approach you probably need a tighter range and faster updates. If you are going to track a fighter aircraft, a missile, or guide a high-speed missile to a target you need very fine precision and very fast up dates.
Longer range early warning radars and radars designed to track targets in a large are will use lower frequency radars (microwaves) in the UHF/VHF bands (30-3000 MHz).
Fighter aircraft and missile control radars tend to be in the higher frequency X band (8-13 GHz).
Most of the police speed radar is now up in the K and Ka band (~18 GHz and ~35GHz).
These are all “microwaves”. Specific frequencies within those bands are chosen for the exact opposite you use in your microwave oven. For radar transmissions, we do not want the energy absorbed by water in the air. For your microwave oven, what actually makes it work is the water in the food absorbing the energy from the microwaves and making it hot.
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Microwaves are electromagnetic waves of frequency range 1 GHz to 300 GHz. Since they are microwaves of smaller wavelengths, they can be transmitted as a beam signal in a particular direction. Also, microwaves do not bend around corners of any obstacle coming in their path. Hence, microwaves are used in radars.
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