Why are the high altitude regions are sparkly populated ?
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High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in certain human populations, including those of Tibet in Asia, the Andes of the Americas, and Ethiopia in Africa, who have acquired the ability to survive at extremely high altitudes. This adaptation means irreversible, long-term physiological responses to high-altitude environments, associated with heritable behaviouraland genetic changes. While the rest of the human population would suffer serious health consequences, the indigenous inhabitants of these regions thrive well in the highest parts of the world. These people have undergone extensive physiological and genetic changes, particularly in the regulatory systems of oxygen respiration and blood circulation, when compared to the general lowland population.[1][2]
Around 140 million people, just under 2% of the world's human population, live permanently at altitudes above 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) in South America, East Africa, and South Asia. These populations have done so for millennia without apparent complications.[3] This special adaptation is now recognised as an example of natural selection in action.[4] The adaptation of the Tibetans is the fastest known example of human evolution, as it is estimated to have occurred in less than 3,000 years.[5][6][7]
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