Why at cold temperature growth of plant increases vernilisation
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Answer:
Vernalisation
Vernalisation is defined as the qualitative or quantitative dependence of plants on exposure to a low temperature to flower. Temperature affects flowering, metabolic activities, and germination of seeds in plants.
Plants that grow in mild weather germinate at low temperatures whereas those that grow in hot regions germinate at high temperatures. Some plants need exposure to a low temperature to germinate. Furthermore, a plant can be induced to flower in a growing season by exposing it to low temperature. Therefore, it shortens the vegetative phase and hastens flowering in plants.
Examples of Vernalisation
Food plants such as wheat and barley have a ‘spring variety’ and a ‘winter variety’. The ‘spring variety’ is usually planted in the spring season. As a result, it flowers and produces grains by the end of the growing season. The ‘winter variety’, however, is planted in autumn. It germinates over winter, grows in the spring and is harvested in summer. In contrast to the spring variety, the winter variety will not flower or produce grains within the flowering season if planted in spring.
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Biennial plants are plants that take two years to flower. They grow leaves, stem, and roots in the first year and then enter a period of dormancy in the cold months. They need this period of cold or vernalisation to flower in the subsequent months. Eventually, biennial plants flower, produce fruit and die in the next spring/summer. Examples are carrots, sugarbeet, and cabbages.
