Why atmosphereic pressure declines rapidly with height in a cold air column?
Answers
pressure decreases with increasing altitude
The pressure at any level in the atmosphere may be interpreted as the total weight of the air above a unit area at any elevation. At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels. For example, there are fewer molecules above the 50 km surface than are found above the 12 km surface, which is why the pressure is less at 50 km.
What this implies is that atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing height. Since most of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by the force of gravity, air pressure decreases rapidly at first, then more slowly at higher levels.
Since more than half of the atmosphere's molecules are located below an altitude of 5.5 km, atmospheric pressure decreases roughly 50% (to around 500 mb) within the lowest 5.5 km. Above 5.5 km, the pressure continues to decrease but at an increasingly slower rate.
The changes in the atmosphere with height are results of specific physical conditions which exist on the earth and in its atmosphere. The vertical changes in temperature are important in constraining weather events to the lowest 10-12 km of the atmosphere. The ozone layer, located near 25 km above the earth's surface, causes the temperature to rapidly change in the middle atmosphere.