why biodiversity is important for human lives ( class 10 ch 2 geography please explain in points
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Environmentalists might define biodiversity as the total of all plant and animal life of
the planet, and the planet itself – the air, water and land that supports animal and plant life. This
diversity of living creatures forms a support system which has been used by each civilization for
its growth and development. The rich biodiversity has been instrumental in providing humanity
with food security, health care and industrial goods that has led to high standard of living in the
modern world. Ironically it has also produced the modern consumerist society which is adversely
affecting the diversity of biological resources upon which it is based. The diversity of life on
earth is so rich that if we use it sustainably we can go on developing new products for
generations. For this reason, we must realize the importance of biodiversity as an important
resource.
Biological variety can be observed at three levels –
• The genetic variability within a species
• The species variability within a community
• The organization of species in an area into distinctive plant and animal communities.
The genetic diversity: Every individual in a species differs widely from other individuals in its
genetic makeup due to large number of combinations possible in the genes. This genetic
variability is essential for healthy breeding population of a species. The reduction of genetic
diversity will result in in-breeding in species. This leads to genetic anomalies and eventually
extinction of that particular species. The variety of nature’s bounty can be exploited if we breed
domestic plant and animal varieties with their wild varieties to make them more productive and
disease – resistant. Modern biotechnology also manipulates genes to develop better types of
seeds, medicines and other industrial raw materials.
The species diversity: Every natural and man-made ecosystem is made up of a variety of animal
and plant species. Some ecosystems such as tropical rainforests are very rich in the number of
species as compared to other ecosystems such as the desert ecosystem. At present the scientists
have been able to identify 1.8 million species on the Earth. However, this may only be a fraction
of what really exists.
The ecosystem diversity: There are a large variety of different ecosystems on the Earth.
Distinctive ecosystems include natural landscapes like forests, grasslands, deserts, mountains etc.
as well as aquatic ecosystems like rivers, lakes and seas. Each of these also has man-modified
areas such as farmlands, grazing lands, urban lands etc. Any ecosystem that is overused or
misused loses its productivity and gets degraded.