Why BIOS is contained in ROM and not in RAM?
Answers
Because RAM memory, as implemented using semiconductors on modern computers, is volatile — it’s loses its contents when turned off.
So when you power on a personal computer, it has to start running bootup code which has to be stored in non-volatile memory (termed ROM for read-only). This is usually typically implemented as EEPROM — electrically erasable read-only memory, so it can be updated if need be, and is part of the BIOS — basic input/output system. The BIOS provides a basic configuration interface for the PC's hardware components, such as USB, keyboard, mouse, and video output.
The bootup code first does some system checks (called POST — power-on self-test) and then typically displays a splash screen on the default monitor. At this point the operator can usually hit a key to interrupt the process, if any configuration changes need to be made.
Next it then looks for a boot device, whether it be a hard drive, SSD, CD/DVD-drive, USB stick, or a network connection. The order in which the boot code looks for these can often be changed by the user.
The boot code then reads enough code off of the boot device into RAM to begin a second-stage boot, which will actually load the operating system into RAM. From then on, everything is run from RAM.
Years ago (mid 1950’s to early 1970’s), core memory was typically universally used as RAM before semiconductor memory came along. With the right power conditioning, core memory didn’t lose contents when the power was turned off. So you could turn off a computer, like a PDP-8 minicomputer, and days later turn the power back on and your program would still be there.
So there was no BIOS or ROM. Instead, if you needed to reboot the computer from scratch, one would enter a short boot program using switches on the front panel, which in the case of a minicomputer might load a second-stage boot program off of paper tape.
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Answer:
Because RAM memory, as implemented using semiconductors on modern computers, is volatile — it's loses its contents when turned off. So when you power on a personal computer, it has to start running bootup code which has to be stored in non-volatile memory (termed ROM for read-only).
Explanation: