Question

why biotic substance should not be used at large scale​

Answer 1

Answer:

Examples of abiotic factors are water, air, soil, sunlight, and minerals. Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction

Answer 2

Explanation:

Biotic Transformation

Organisms degrade compounds. Most biotic degradation occurs in water, soil, sediment, and biota. However, these processes determine the types of compounds that are emitted to the atmosphere. Basically, biotic transformations can be a combination of biological and nonbiologically mediated processes, including hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction. There are also completely biologically mediated processes, especially conjugation. Conjugation reactions chemically link products of hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction (i.e. phase I metabolites) to glutathione, sugars, or amino acids, so that the subsequent metabolites (i.e. phase II metabolites) have increased aqueous solubility and, hopefully, less toxicity than the parent compound.

Certain molecules resist biodegradation in the environment. Their structure makes them unattractive as electron acceptors and donors to microbes. This recalcitrance is a function of both the chemical structure and the microorganisms' preferences for electron acceptance and carbon.

Actually, recalcitrance is not limited to microorganisms but is also applied to plants. Plants have the inherent capacity to degrade xenobiotic pollutants, but they generally lack the catabolic pathway to provide complete degradation, i.e. mineralization, relative to microbes. In fact, current research is being directed toward the transfer of genes involved in xenobiotic degradation from microbes to plants to enhance specific plant taxon's potential for remediating more recalcitrant compounds, e.g. trichloroethylene, pentachlorophenol, trinitrotoluene (TNT), glycerol trinitrate, atrazine, ethylene dibromide, metolachlor, and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine.13

In fact, phytodegradation and microbial biodegradation are interrelated and mutual. Plant evapotranspiration, plant–microbe rhizosphere degradation, and microbial metabolic processes are combined. For example in situ natural and engineered remediation projects take advantage of both plant life and microbial populations, with much of the degradation at the root–microbe interface (i.e. in the rhizosphere) in the soil (Figure 17.10). Biotic transformation is enhanced in plants through numerous processes. During phytoextraction, recalcitrant compounds are removed and stored. In fact, recalcitrant compounds may be stored without metabolism for protracted periods. Phytodegradation, on the other hand, occurs when plants can metabolize a compound. The metabolism during phytodegradation may resemble that of animal degradation of toxic substances.