Question

Why chromium does not show +1 oxidation state as stable?

Answer 1

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_____HERE IS YOUR ANSWER_____

Cr [Ar] 3d5 4s1 
Cr 1+ [Ar] 3d5 -> stable half field 
Cr 2+ [Ar] 3d4 
Cr 3+ [Ar] 3d3 
Cr 4+ [Ar] 3d2 
Cr 5+ [Ar] 3d1 
Cr 6+ [Ar] -> Most stable full field (isoelectronic) 
+3 stable than +1 but in natural we find Cr in +6 oxidation ex. K2Cr2o7 K2CrO4 
both complex oxidation no of Cr = +6
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Chromium has ground state configuration of [Ar]3d5 4s1
after it has attained a configuration of +3 its electronic configuration becomes [Ar]3d3
this makes it half filled stable at the t2g levelwhich means three sub-D orbitals i.e. dxy dyz dxz are half filled.
half filled t2g state is more stable than d5 configuration so ,Chromium is more stable in its d3 state than its d5 state.
hence chromium is more stable in +3 oxidation state than in +1 oxidation state
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