Question

Why copper has (ar) 4s1 3d10 instead of (ar) 4s2 3d9 electronic configuration?

Answer 1

Copper is in this configuration because it is near to fulfill its d-orbital so it excites and fulfill its d-orbital rather than 4s......... Also fulfilled orbitals are more stable than incomplete ones

Answer 2

A filled sublevel is more stable than a half-filled sublevel.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration represents the total number of electrons that a neutral element contains. We add all the superscripts to know the number of electrons in an atom.

Copper has atomic number of 29 which means it has 29 electrons and 29 protons.

The electrons are filled according to Afbau's rule in order of increasing energies.

Argon is the noble gas with 18 electrons.

As completely filled d-shell is more stable in nature. Hence, one electron from the 4s shell goes into the d-orbital so the copper atom can attain stability.

$Cu(29)-[Ar]3d^{10}4s^1$

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