Question

why dams on a river is made up of wider walls?

Answer 1

so that when the water flows with a large speed during rainy season, wall would not break due to large force exerted by water .
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Answer 2

Gravity dams consist of thick, verticalwalls of concrete built across relatively narrow river valleys with firm bedrock. Their weight alone is great enough to resist overturning or sliding tendencies due to horizontal loads imposed by the upstream water.