Question

Why did a new era begin in India after it's independence?

Answer 1

What is the history of India after independence?
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Answer
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Siddharth Bhattacharya
Siddharth Bhattacharya, lived in India
Answered Dec 29, 2012
Although Shreevant Tiwari's suggestion is amazing and it's a must read I think the OP would like to learn stuff here itself. In my epically long answer Siddharth Bhattacharya's answer to What are some things every Indian should know about Indian history? I'd addressed it under Section (D). Here it is:

End of an era, a new era begins
Jawahar Lal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of independent India with his famous speech 'Tryst with Destiny'. Mountbatten remained in India as Governor General, succeded by C Rajagopalachari when he left. Pakistan's Prime Minister was Liaqat Ali Khan while Jinnah chose to be Governor General. Mahatma Gandhi was killed on 30th January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, an erstwhile member of Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) and devotee of Veer Savarkar, Hindu fundamentalist. He and fellow conspirator Narayan Apte were hanged. RSS was outlawed for many years.