Why did India adopt the FPTP system? Give any two arguments.
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Kruthika R | 24th May 2019
Why did the Constitution Framers choose First-past-the-post system over proportional representation?
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HomeCAD India BlogWhy did the Constitution Framers choose First-past-the-post system over proportional representation?
Yesterday, after a gruelling election schedule that spanned for six weeks, India elected members to the 17th Lok Sabha. Elections in India are based on the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system encoded in Article 81 of the Constitution of India, 1950 in which candidates with the greatest number of votes in a constituency win a set in the Lok Sabha.
In recent debates on India’s electoral system, some have claimed that FPTP is undemocratic and unrepresentative of marginalised minority communities. There have been calls for discarding FPTP and adopting the proportional system. It is a system where a party’s or group of candidates seats’ is proportionate to the votes they receive.
So why did the Constitution framers choose FPTP over proportional representation?
The Draft Constitution of India, 1948 contained a provision – Draft Article 67 that chose FPTP. On 4 January 1949 the Constituent Assembly took up this Draft Article for discussion.
Kazi Syed Karimuddin proposed that FPTP be substituted with “system of proportional representation with multi-member constituencies by means of cumulative vote.” He argued that FPTP perpetuates ‘tyranny of the majority’ and believed that proportional representation was ‘profoundly democratic’ as it ensures that every voice of the populace was represented. More importantly he highlighted how FPTP led to disfranchisement and non-representation of religious minorities in Ireland.
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