Question

why did mendel chose pea plants for his experiments?

Answer 1

because they has easily observable traits there were 7 of which he could manipulate. 
Pea plants (leguminosae) have an irregular flower in which the top part of the corolla is much larger than the lower part (Hitchcock and CronquistFlora of the Pacific Northwest p228). If you haven't ever seen a pea flower, it looks much like a snap dragon bloom. This feature keeps the flowers from freely pollinating each other by wind, as they are tightly shut. If protected from pollinating insects, they will only self pollinate, or if the anthers are clipped off they can be very selectively pollinated by a person. This gave Mendel much tighter control over the crossbreeding of the plants.
Because pea plants are easy to propagate and have 7 observable traits like Seed Shape, seed color, Seed coat color, pod shape, flower position and stem length.This can be speculated, but pea plants were probably picked because of their ability to reproduce quickly. If Gregor Mendel had used an animal, he would have had to wait many years before being able to study the passing on of traits.

Answer 2

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Because they don't cross-pollinate randomly unless there are specific insects about and that can be controlled in a closed glasshouse. They self-pollinate easily and the flowers are large enough to do things such as strip back petals, remove pollen before it ripens and hand cross-pollinate with pollen from a specific flower. So it just made it easy to do controlled genetic experiments. The peas that resulted can also ripen and be planted again to measure the results fairly quickly. The seeds are also big and easy to handle and usually multiple seeds in a pod that should have the same traits. Also flowering stems that can be tagged and labelled fairly easily so the researcher can keep track.

$\huge\mathfrak\Pink {Long\:Answer}$


Gregor Mendel chose the pea plants for his experiments because the garden pea is an ideal subject in the study of genetics for the following reasons:

-- presence of observable traits with contrasting forms

-- produces many offspring in one cross

-- short life cycle

-- ease in manipulating pollination (cross pollination)

Pea plants had the following chacracteristics:

1). Plants were sexually reproducing with bisexual flowers

2). self pollination and self fertilization is possible

3). the life cycle was completed in one season

4). hybrids were perfectly fertile

5).many varieties with well-defined characters were available i.e. presence of seven pairs of contrasting or allelomorphic characters

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