why did the partition of Jharkhand and Bihar took place??
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There were various reason behind Bihar bifurcation:
1. Ethnicity
The population of tribal groups was large. The living style of tribal groups was very different from other people of north Bihar. The interest and demands of tribal groups were different from others. They live their life in natural habitat of forest and mountains. Their belief is different from other people. Tribal groups such as: Santhal, Ho, Oraon, Munda,etc. mostly practiced plough agriculture on the basis of family farms.
2. Poor representation of tribal people in the government
Although, the population of tribal people was large and the representation of tribal groups was very poor in the state govt., which ultimately led to backwardness of these people even after 53 years of independence.
3. Oppression of tribal groups
Tribal groups natural home is forest and mountains. They live their life in natural habitat. Even before independence, mining and timber production was done in huge scale and tribal groups were oppressed regularly. After Independence, some new Acts and a Schedule(5th) were added in Constitution to protect the interest of tribal people. But, maladministration, corruption, India's need to grow GDP, old Land law (of acquisition) didn't helped to protect the interest of tribal people and they were oppressed ruthlessly. They lost most of their land to 'outsiders' and suffered from indebtedness, loss of employment and low agriculture activities. With two-third population of non-tribals exploited poor tribals.
4. Poor development of South Bihar
Even after huge sums provided by centre to Bihar every year, the growth of Bihar was abysmal. Especially the southern part where least focus was given for development process. Leaders of southern Bihar had no big part to play, because the govt. was dominated by big northern leaders.
-timeline-
With all these reasons and later with spread of education, a movement for the separate tribal state of Jharkhand for tribal people started during late 1930s and 1940s.Under the leadership of Jaipal Singh, Jharkhand party was founded in 1950. But with only 1/3rd population of tribal people, demand of new state for tribal was not possible or logical.Its demand for 'Jharkhand' was rejected by States Reorganisation commission of 1955 on the ground that they(whole south Bihar) didn't have common language.Jharkhand mukti morcha(JMM) was formed in 1972, with a reason that whole south Bihar were exploited by north Bihar and should be granted a new state for south Bihar, with a hope that with new state they would have greater representation and weight than they had in Bihar.JMM was joined by Marxist coordination centre and other parties and Sibu Soren emerged out as a charismatic leader of South Bihar in early 1970s.With various reasons combined, Jharkhand came into existence in 15th Nov 2000.
1. Ethnicity
The population of tribal groups was large. The living style of tribal groups was very different from other people of north Bihar. The interest and demands of tribal groups were different from others. They live their life in natural habitat of forest and mountains. Their belief is different from other people. Tribal groups such as: Santhal, Ho, Oraon, Munda,etc. mostly practiced plough agriculture on the basis of family farms.
2. Poor representation of tribal people in the government
Although, the population of tribal people was large and the representation of tribal groups was very poor in the state govt., which ultimately led to backwardness of these people even after 53 years of independence.
3. Oppression of tribal groups
Tribal groups natural home is forest and mountains. They live their life in natural habitat. Even before independence, mining and timber production was done in huge scale and tribal groups were oppressed regularly. After Independence, some new Acts and a Schedule(5th) were added in Constitution to protect the interest of tribal people. But, maladministration, corruption, India's need to grow GDP, old Land law (of acquisition) didn't helped to protect the interest of tribal people and they were oppressed ruthlessly. They lost most of their land to 'outsiders' and suffered from indebtedness, loss of employment and low agriculture activities. With two-third population of non-tribals exploited poor tribals.
4. Poor development of South Bihar
Even after huge sums provided by centre to Bihar every year, the growth of Bihar was abysmal. Especially the southern part where least focus was given for development process. Leaders of southern Bihar had no big part to play, because the govt. was dominated by big northern leaders.
-timeline-
With all these reasons and later with spread of education, a movement for the separate tribal state of Jharkhand for tribal people started during late 1930s and 1940s.Under the leadership of Jaipal Singh, Jharkhand party was founded in 1950. But with only 1/3rd population of tribal people, demand of new state for tribal was not possible or logical.Its demand for 'Jharkhand' was rejected by States Reorganisation commission of 1955 on the ground that they(whole south Bihar) didn't have common language.Jharkhand mukti morcha(JMM) was formed in 1972, with a reason that whole south Bihar were exploited by north Bihar and should be granted a new state for south Bihar, with a hope that with new state they would have greater representation and weight than they had in Bihar.JMM was joined by Marxist coordination centre and other parties and Sibu Soren emerged out as a charismatic leader of South Bihar in early 1970s.With various reasons combined, Jharkhand came into existence in 15th Nov 2000.
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