Question

why did the peasants under the mahalwari system revolt

Answer 1

$Holaa$

◇It covered the States of Punjab,Awadh and Agra, parts of Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. 

◇During the 1800s, the British tried to establish their control over the administrative machinery of India.

♡ Thus, they used land to control the entire Revenue system, strengthening their economic condition in India.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The disabilities that the new and extremely unpopular revenue settlement imposed on the peasantry never completely went away. Due to their high tax burden, peasants often had to borrow money from traders or moneylenders at usurious interest rates, who would then evict them from their land if they didn't pay their debts on time. While the scourge of landless peasants and rural indebtedness has persisted infiltrating Indian society to this day, these moneylenders and traders emerged as the new landowners.

Explanation:

In the North-Western Provinces of Bengal in the year 1822, the Englishman Holt Mackenzie introduced the Mahalwari System. It was then made popular in Agra and Awadg by Lord William Bentick, and over time, it spread to other parts of British India, including the Central Province, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic Valley, and the North-West Frontier.

The Zamindari System was somewhat modified to become the Mahalwari System. It contained both Ryotwari System and Zamindari System provisions. Under this system, the village chief would collect money from farmers on the village's behalf.

Features of Mahalwari system:

1. The land was divided up into Mahals, each of which corresponded to one or more villages, according to the Mahalwari System.
2. According to the evaluation of crop yield, the Mahal's revenue was set. Thus, updates to the Mahalwari system were made routinely. Under the Mahalwari system, each individual farmer received a portion of the fixed revenue, and the village head or leader oversaw the collection of that tax.
3. The settlement was made over a 30 year term, with the state receiving a 66% portion of the rental value. The government's revenue rose once this system was put in place.
4. The overall burden of interest payments on debt and land rent on peasants towards the end of colonialism was projected to be a staggering Rs 14,200 million.
5. Zamindars provided loans to farmers and labourers in exchange for their free labour. This technique made it impossible for farmers and workers to negotiate pay.
6. In several areas of the country, begari, bonded labour, or debt bondage became commonplace. The upper caste controlled the land even in ryotwari areas.

Recent times have seen peasants take front stage in agrarian movements, actively battling for their own objectives. Nearly all of the demands were focused on financial concerns. The movements were targeted at the local zamindars and moneylenders as well as the foreign planters who were the peasants' direct adversaries. The conflicts were focused on resolving individual grievances and narrowly defined goals.

These movements weren't aimed at colonialism. These movements did not seek to abolish the peasants' system of exploitation or subjugation. The geographic scope was constrained. There was no ongoing conflict or persistent organisation. Peasants became very conscious of their legal rights and fought for them in and out of court.

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