why did the simon go back occur
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Simon Commission was a committee formed by the British Government to examine the Indian constitutional problems and to provide recommendations for reform. The existing Government of India Act 1919 was an intermediate and transitional arrangement. So the British Government wanted the commission to review the constitutional arrangement and provide the recommendation for future implementation. The commission was announced on 26thNovember 1927 with a seven members team. Sir John Simon was theChairman of the commission. None of the members of this committee was Indian. The Indian National Congress, Muslim League and other political and social organizations rejected the committee and termed it as "All White Commission".
Simon Commission in India
In February 1928, the Simon Commission arrived in India. The political parties in India called for strikes and the entire country observed strike. People greet the commission with slogan "Simon Go Back, Simon Go Back" and demonstrated the black flags. Government tried to control the peaceful demonstrators rudely and many people were beaten up by the police. The Simon Commission reached Lahore on 30thOctober 1928. There also the Congress Party showed demonstration against the commission. Lala Lajpat Rai led the non violent demonstration in Lahore and he was critically beaten up by police. In November 1928, Lala Lajpat Rai died due to the due to the injury caused by police assault. Lajpat Rai was commonly known as Punjab Kesari (The Lion of Punjab).
Simon Report- Salient Features
In 1930 AD the committee published the "Simon Report". The important points of Simon commission are as follows.
1. Commission recommended the structural change in the 1919 Act. It suggested a Federal type of government at the centre with maximum autonomy of province.
2. It envisaged the federal union, including both British India and the Princely States would be the long term solution.
3. Commission suggested to lapse the Dyarchy system and recommend the provincial administration to be handed over to ministers responsible to the legislature.
4. The Lower House member of the Federal Assembly should be elected by the Provincial Councils.
5. The Upper House would continue as the council of state.
6. The Governor was to hold the special powers for the safety of the province and safeguard of the minorities.
7. In regards to creating two new provinces Sindh and Orissa, commission suggested for further detail examinations and postponed the subject. 8. Recommended Burma to be separated from British India.
9. It recommended the creation of Indian Police Service.
10. Continuation of Present Status of North West Frontier Province.
Members of the Commission
The commission consisted of seven British members. They were.
1 . Sir John Simon ( Chairman of the commission)
2 . Donald Howard
3 . Vernon Hartshorn
4 . Clement Attlee
5 . Harry Levy Lawson
6 . Edward Cadogan
7 . George Lane-Fox