Question

why did the workers and artisans deny to support middle class liberals​

Answer 1

This article explores the role of artisans in the creation of a working-class identity in the city of Lima, Peru during the period of liberal reforms from the 1850s to the 1870s. After Peru gained its independence from Spain (1821), the colonial guilds declined and artisans sought new ways of participating as citizens in the new liberal polity. In doing so they helped to shape liberalism 'from below'. By employing the language of class, artisans challenged the liberal conception of the polity as composed of discrete individual political actors. A class-based identity also had significant social implications as it enabled artisans to distance themselves from the racial discourse of the colonial period. Through the press, artisans and in particular the cities' growing number of printers, began to emphasize a set of common ties with other workers. Their political discourse contributed to the making of a Peruvian working class.

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