Why dioxygen is a gas but sulphur is a solid?
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Oxygen is smaller in size as compared to sulphur. Also, the intermolecular forces in oxygen are weak van der Wall's, which cause it to exist as gas. On the other hand, sulphur does not form M2 molecule but exists as a puckered structure held together by strong covalent bonds. Hence, it is a solid.
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Oxygen has small atomic size and high electronegativity. It forms pπ−pπ double bonds, O=O. The inter-molecular forces are weak vander waals forces. Hence, oxygen is a gas. Whereas sulphur does not form stable pπ−pπ bonds and does not exist as S
2
molecule. It forms S
8
molecules with puckered ring structure. Thus, each molecule contains 8S atoms linked by S−S bonds. Thus, S atoms are strongly held and sulphur is a solid.
Explanation:
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