Why DNA cannot pass through the cell membrane? Explain. How is a bacterial cell made competent to take up recombinant DNA from the medium?
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As DNA is a highly hydrophilic molecule, normally it cannot pass through the cell membrane of bacteria. Hence, in order to make bacteria capable of internalizing the genetic material, they must be made competent to take up the DNA.
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Restriction endonucleases are specific enzymes which can cleave double stranded DNA at specific sites called recognition sequences. Restriction endonucleases provide protection to the bacteria by restricting the growth of bacteriophages. They also serve as tools for Recombinant DNAtechnology.
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