why do animals need to adapt to the climate of the rainforest
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From the Amazon rainforest in South America to the lush rainforests of Australia and southeast Asia to the basin forests of mainland Africa and Madagascar, our planet is home to some incredible tropical rainforests: wet, warm forests that have no dry season. In addition, tropical rainforests receive lots of sunlight throughout the year, thanks to their proximity to the Earth's equator. With all that moisture and the energy from the sun, an explosion of biodiversity, an abundance of different living things, exists within these unique ecosystems.
Even though tropical rainforests only cover about 7% of the Earth's surface, these rainforests are home to an estimated 50% of the species on Earth - plants, animals, and everything in between. How do animals, from insects to worms to vertebrates (animals with backbones) adapt to this enormously diverse environment? With so much diversity, animals often run into competition for resources like food and shelter, and some animals have to defend themselves against a barrage of harmful or predatory attacks. Let's take a look at some of the key animal adaptations that have sprung up in the tropical rainforests of the world.
Animal Adaptations
In a volatile and competitive ecological environment like the tropical rainforests, animals need to adapt to survive. To do this, populations of animals develop physiological or behavioral adaptations over many generations. Those that have advantageous adaptations tend to survive and pass on their genes to new generations.
A few examples of animal adaptations in the world's tropical rainforests are camouflage, the times at which they are active, poison and other deterrents, and interdependence on other species. We'll explore just a few examples of each of these, but keep in mind that there are many examples of these kinds of adaptations in such a diverse environment.
Camouflage is the ability to blend in with the surrounding environment to avoid detection. Many camouflaged rainforest animals, such as walking stick insects which look just like a tree branch and the slow-moving, green algae-covered sloths that hang from trees and blend in with their environment, use camouflage to avoid predators. However, other animals use camouflage to hide themselves while they are hunting. Jaguars, large American cats, are well known for their black spotted coats. These spots mimic the dappled sunlight through the leaves of the rainforest trees, giving the jaguar perfect camouflage as it stalks its prey.
Many animals in the tropical rainforests of the world have adapted to either a nighttime or a daytime mode of life in order to survive. One example is the nocturnal Amazon tree boa, a strikingly beautiful green to tan snake that is nocturnal, or active at night. These tree boas avoid diurnal, or active during the day, predators like birds of prey and primates, by sleeping during the day. At night, they hunt other nocturnal animals like certain rodents, using special infrared receptors located around the snake's mouth. In addition to being able to hunt with greater safety, nocturnal animals may also find that hunting at night means less competition for food.
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