Question

why do comet have a long bright tail

Answer 1

The streams of dust and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the comet called the coma, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's radiation pressure and solar wind cause an enormous tail to form, which points away from the Sun.

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Answer 2

The streams of dust and gas thus released form a huge, extremely tenuous atmosphere around the cometcalled the coma, and the force exerted on the coma by the Sun's radiation pressure and solar wind cause an enormous tail to form, which points away from the Sun.