Why do elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar characteristics
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It’s mainly due to the number of electrons in their valence shell. The alkali metals each only have one valence electron, thus they are the most reactive elements because their nucleus does a poor job retaining that valence electron. On the other hand, halogens have 7 valence electrons and thus are more electronegative than other elements because they need just one more electron to reach Noble Gas configuration.
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