why do farmers use water on a rotation system using a falaj system
Answers
Answer:
Aflaj, Irrigation, Water management, Traditional systems, Oman.
Explanation:
Qanat irrigation systems have been utilized in many places around the world for domestic and
agricultural production. This paper describes the Oman local type of qanat, which is called aflaj. We can define
the Falaj (singular of aflaj) as, a canal system, which provides water for a community of farmers for domestic
and/or agricultural use. Because the flow rate of aflaj is varied around the year, aflaj systems are arranged in
such a way that makes it easier for farmers to control draught. The paper emphasizes on the traditional method
of water distribution in aflaj systems of Oman. Some problems facing aflaj will also be discussed.
Oman has arid climate of average rainfall less than 200 mm per year. Agricultural production in Oman
is almost fully dependent on irrigation in which more than one third of irrigation water is supplied by aflaj.
There are three types of aflaj in Oman: ghaily, daudi and ainy. Among the three systems, only the daudi aflaj is
very similar to qanat irrigation systems of Iran.
Several ways are adapted for distributing water among farmers. The most common method of
distributing water in aflaj of Oman is by dividing the irrigation rotation (dawran) to 7-14 days; each full day is
divided to 48 athars. Each athar is then divided to smaller divisions. Traditionally, farmers have used sundials
in the daytime, and stars at nigh for justifying water shares on the field. Due to the change of the day and night
lengths around the year, the practical length of athar also varied. To overcome this variation, farmers have
adapted many ways to insure justice distribution of water rights among them. Recently, farmers increasingly
have been using modern watches for timing irrigation.
More than one quarter of the aflaj have fallen out of use due to many social and technical problems.
The government of Oman has taken great efforts to conserve and maintain the aflaj.
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