Question

why do lithium and sodium have similar chemical properties

Answer 1

LITHIUM, Z= 4, 1s2 2s1,
Sodium, Z=11, 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s1,

They have a general ns1 configuration in their outermost orbital, hence they r related.

Answer 2

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Similarities between lithium and magnesium are as follows.

(ɪ) ʙᴏᴛʜ ʟɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛ ꜱʟᴏᴡʟʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴄᴏʟᴅ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.

(ɪɪ) ᴛʜᴇ ᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ʙᴏᴛʜ ʟɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢ ᴀʀᴇ ᴍᴜᴄʜ ʟᴇꜱꜱ ꜱᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ʜʏᴅʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ ᴅᴇᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏꜱᴇ ᴀᴛ ʜɪɢʜ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ.

(ɪɪɪ) ʙᴏᴛʜ ʟɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛ ᴡɪᴛʜ ɴ 2 ᴛᴏ ꜰᴏʀᴍ ɴɪᴛʀɪᴅᴇꜱ.

(ɪᴠ) ɴᴇɪᴛʜᴇʀ ʟɪ ɴᴏʀ ᴍɢ ꜰᴏʀᴍ ᴘᴇʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ ᴏʀ ꜱᴜᴘᴇʀᴏxɪᴅᴇꜱ.

(ᴠ) ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴᴀᴛᴇꜱ ᴏꜰ ʙᴏᴛʜ ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴀʟꜱᴏ, ᴛʜᴇꜱᴇ ᴅᴇᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏꜱᴇ ᴏɴ ʜᴇᴀᴛɪɴɢ.

(ᴠɪ) ʟɪ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢ ᴅᴏ ɴᴏᴛ ꜰᴏʀᴍ ꜱᴏʟɪᴅ ʙɪᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴᴀᴛᴇꜱ.

(ᴠɪɪ) ʙᴏᴛʜ ʟɪᴄʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢᴄʟ 2 ᴀʀᴇ ꜱᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴇᴛʜᴀɴᴏʟ ᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴄᴏᴠᴀʟᴇɴᴛ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ.

(ᴠɪɪɪ) ʙᴏᴛʜ ʟɪᴄʟ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɢᴄʟ 2 ᴀʀᴇ ᴅᴇʟɪQᴜᴇꜱᴄᴇɴᴛ ɪɴ ɴᴀᴛᴜʀᴇ. ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴄʀʏꜱᴛᴀʟʟɪᴢᴇ ꜰʀᴏᴍ ᴀQᴜᴇᴏᴜꜱ ꜱᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴꜱ ᴀꜱ ʜʏᴅʀᴀᴛᴇ

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