Why do most food chains consist of four steps?
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This is because a lot of energy is lost at each step. After, about 3 steps very little energy is available for use by living organisms. Thia also explains why there are only a few organisms at the top of the food chains, when compared with those at the start of the food chain.
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On an average, only 10% of the food available to a trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. Since, the amount of available energy keeps on becoming less as we move to higher trophic levels, so very little usable energy remains after four trophic levels. That is why a food chain consists of only three to four steps
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