why do some people say that India is a federation with unitary features explain with the help of any five constituent provisions
Answers
Yes, India is a federation with unitary features.
In India , A unitary system is governed constitutionally as one single unit. with one constitutionally created legislature {Constitution} .
So besides the federal features Indian constitution also possess some unitary or non-federal features. Some of them are here:-
1→→Single Constitution - Usually in a Federal Country , The state have a right to Frame their own constitution ,Which is to be separate from the center. But in India , There is no such power given to the state. State have to obey the central constitution in a single Frame.
2→→Strong Centre - In India the division of Power is in the favour of Centre , though highly inequitable from the federal angle.
3→→ Emergency Provision - The constitution permits three types of Emergency Under three Articles. These are-
a) National Emergency -Under Article 352
b) Constitutional Emergency- Under Article 356
c) Financial Emergency- Under Article 360
In case of any of the emergency , State goes under the total control of the Centre. All the power will authorized by the central government in this case
It Convert the federal feature in to Unitary One.
4→→Integrated Judiciary - At the apex of the judiciary of India , Supreme court supervises. The single system of judiciary influence it controls on the high courts which further influences it controls into the city courts.
5→→Veto over any State Bills - The governor is empowered to preserve some bills & present it to the president for his /her assents. The President can refuse to give his assent on some bills, Which are thus returned to state legislature for consideration.
Thus the President enjoys absolute Veto .