Question

Why do the iron filings arranged in such a pattern?

Answer 1

Due to the force experienced by the iron fillings i.e. magnetic force . The Iron fillings present in the magnetic field and experience force In a dramatic manner that's why it got the shape 

Answer 2

The iron filings are arranged in such a pattern because:

• Near the bar magnet, iron filings align themselves along the field lines.
• The magnet affects the area in which it is located.
• As a result, the iron filings are subjected to a force.
• The force exerted causes the iron filings to form a pattern.
• A magnetic field is defined as the region surrounding a magnet in which the magnet's force may be observed.
• Magnetic field lines are the lines along which the iron filings organize themselves.