why do the light ray passing through optical center(o) does not bend
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The middle portion of any lens is relatively flat. Pole is a point in the principal axis, within the lens, through which un-deviated rays pass. Actually there is refraction for these rays but it is negligible for thin lenses. For thick lenses the incident and the emergent rays are parallel. See the diagram below.
Similar is the case of concave lens.
Similar is the case of concave lens.
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