why do transition metals form more stable capleres
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According to this model, transition-metal ions form coordination complexes because they have empty valence-shell orbitals that can accept pairs of electrons from a Lewis base. Ligands must therefore be Lewis bases: They must contain at least one pair of nonbonding electrons that can be donated to a metal ion.
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- To illustrate my answer, I am going to use a modified version of the picture of a simplified molecular orbitals
- In the left you can see the metal’s orbitals, on the right the group orbitals of six σ donors (assuming no π interactions of any kind). eg and t2g correspond to the metal’s d-orbitals, a1g is the 4s orbital and t1u are the 4p-orbitals.
- Empty d-orbitals can thus be thought to help with coordination by stabilising the coordination compound. Completely filled d-orbitals (e.g. Zn2+) are contra productive and therefore zinc’s coordination chemistry is much like sodium’s.
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