why do we need constitution ? what is the best way to framed a constitution ?Discuss the composition and the process of framing of the constitution by the constituent assembly of India?
Answers
Answer:
The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India.[3][4] The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth.[a][5][6][7] B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.[8][9]
Constitution of India
Constitution of India.jpg
Original text of the preamble
Jurisdiction
India
Ratified
26 November 1949; 71 years ago
Date effective
26 January 1950; 70 years ago
System
Federal Parliamentary Constitutional Republic
Branches
Three (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary)
Chambers
Two (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha)
Executive
Prime minister-led cabinet responsible to the lower house of the parliament
Judiciary
Supreme court, high courts and district courts
Federalism
Federal[1]
Electoral college
Yes, for presidential and vice-presidential elections
Entrenchments
2
Amendments
104
Last amended
25 January 2020 (104th)
Citation
Constitution of India (PDF), 9 September 2020, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2020
Location
Parliament House, New Delhi, India
Author(s)
B. R. Ambedkar
Chairman of the Drafting Committee
Benegal Narsing Rau
Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly
Surendra Nath Mukherjee
Chief Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly[2]
and other members of Constituent Assembly
Signatories
284 members of the Constituent Assembly
Supersedes
Government of India Act 1935
Indian Independence Act 1947
It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble.[10] Parliament cannot override the constitution.
B. R. Ambedkar and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India
It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.[11] The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395.[12] India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.[13]
The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular,[14] democratic republic, assuring its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity.[15] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble in 1976 during the Emergency.[16]