why do you think Shah Jahan ordered his construction
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Shah Jahān, also spelled Shāhjahān or Shah Jehan, also called (until 1628) Prince Khurram, original name Shihāb al-Dīn Muḥammad Khurram, (born January 5, 1592, Lahore [now in Pakistan]—died January 22, 1666, Agra [now in India]), Mughal emperor of India (1628–58) who built the Taj Mahal.
Shah Jahān
Shah JahāN
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Born: January 5, 1592 Lahore Pakistan
Died: January 22, 1666 (aged 74) Agra India
House / Dynasty: Mughal dynasty
Notable Family Members: spouse Mumtaz Mahal father Jahāngīr son Aurangzeb
He was the third son of the Mughal emperor Jahāngīr and the Rajput princess Manmati. In 1612 he married Arjūmand Bānū Begum, niece of Jahāngīr’s wife Nūr Jahān, and became, as Prince Khurram, a member of the influential Nūr Jahān clique of the middle period of Jahāngīr’s reign. In 1622 Khurram, ambitious to win the succession, rebelled, ineffectually roaming the empire until reconciled to Jahāngīr in 1625. After Jahāngīr’s death in 1627, the support of Āṣaf Khan, Nūr Jahān’s brother, enabled Shah Jahān to proclaim himself emperor at Agra (February 1628).
Shah Jahān’s reign was notable for successes against the Deccan (peninsular Indian) states. By 1636 Ahmadnagar had been annexed and Golconda and Vijayapura (Bijapur) forced to become tributaries. Mughal power was also temporarily extended in the northwest. In 1638 the Persian governor of Kandahār, ʿAlī Mardān Khan, surrendered that fortress to the Mughals. In 1646 Mughal forces occupied Badakhshān and Balkh, but in 1647 Balkh was relinquished, and attempts to reconquer it in 1649, 1652, and 1653 failed. The Persians reconquered Kandahār in 1649. Shah Jahān transferred his capital from Agra to Delhi in 1648, creating the new city of Shāhjahānābād there.
Shah Jahān had an almost insatiable passion for building. At his first capital, Agra, he undertook the building of two great mosques, the Motī Masjid (Pearl Mosque) and the Jāmiʿ Masjid (Great Mosque), as well as the superb mausoleum known as the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal is the masterpiece of his reign and was erected in memory of the favourite of his three queens, Mumtāz Maḥal (the mother of Aurangzeb). At Delhi, Shah Jahān built a huge fortress-palace complex called the Red Fort as well as another Jāmiʿ Masjid, which is among the finest mosques in India. Shah Jahān’s reign was also a period of great literary activity, and the arts of painting and calligraphy were not neglected. His court was one of great pomp and splendour, and his collection of jewels was probably the most magnificent in the world.
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal, Shah Jahān's masterpiece of Mughal architecture; in Agra, India.
© Andrei Kazarov/Fotolia
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Indian writers have generally characterized Shah Jahān as the very ideal of a Muslim monarch. But though the splendour of the Mughal court reached its zenith under him, he also set in motion influences that finally led to the decline of the empire. His expeditions against Balkh and Badakhshān and his attempts to recover Kandahār brought the empire to the verge of bankruptcy. In religion, Shah Jahān was a more orthodox Muslim than Jahāngīr or his grandfather, Akbar, but a less orthodox one than Aurangzeb. He proved a relatively tolerant ruler toward his Hindu subjects.
In September 1657 Shah Jahān fell ill, precipitating a struggle for succession between his four sons, Dārā Shikōh, Murād Bakhsh, Shah Shujāʿ, and Aurangzeb. The victor, Aurangzeb, declared himself emperor in 1658 and strictly confined Shah Jahān in Agra Fort until his death.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Kenneth Pletcher, Senior Editor.
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Answer:
at the 17th century white marble Taj Mahal was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died in childbirth.