Question

Why does a pencil partially immersed in water appears bent at the surface of water?

Answer 1

$\underline{\bold{Answer:-}}$

Pencil is partially immersed in the water, then appears bent at the surface. It is due to the reason of normal shift.

$\bold{Normal\: shift}$

When an object kept in denser medium is viewed from rare medium, then its position shift apparently for the observer.

It is because of the exact address debate away from the normal and to the observer, they appears to come from other point lying exactly above the true position.

For example refer to attached diagram.