Question

Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution rather than addition reaction?

Answer 1

Benzene is a planar molecule having delocalized electrons above and below the plane of ring. Hence, it is electron-rich. As a result, it is highly attractive to electron deficient species i.e., electrophiles. Therefore, it undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions very easily.

Answer 2

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There are delocalised electrons above and below the plane of the ring. The presence of the delocalised electrons makes benzene particularly stable.Benzene resists addition reactionsbecause that would involve breaking the delocalisation and losing that stability.