Why does biodiversity increase when going from the poles towards the equator?
Answers
Answer:
This can be explained in terms of latitudinal gradients. Biodiversity changes all along the latitude of globe. It is minimum towards pole in Arctic region, which gets moderate along temperate region and is maximum in tropical region (23.5°North -23.5°South).
Certain tropical regions like Colombia, Tropical forest of Equador, Tropical rain forest of Amazon possess greater biodiversity than other biomes of temperate regions. Especially, Amazonion rain forest has maximum biodiversity.
Most of the India lies near the equator. Hence it has rich biodiversity of 1200 species of birds. New York belonging to temperate region has moderate biodiversity. Green land, Arctic region etc belongs to polar region which has least biodiversity.
Arctic and temperate regions show severe climatic conditions like low temperature & little availability of water. Hence in these regions, the growing period of species is restricted to a few weeks or months. This is one of the reasons for decreased biodiversity.
Contrastingly, tropical regions have good warmth, light, temperature and water availability throughout the year resulting in extension of growing period. The other reasons are-
No catastrophes
Non seasonal (constant) environment
Solar energy
Paradox of enrichment (optimum nutrition and favourable conditions)
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