Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bonding?
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Carbon has 4 electrons in its its outermost shell. In order to complete it's octect to attain noble gas configuration and to stabilize itself, carbon can either lose 4 electrons or gain electrons. Therefore, to complete the octet, it shares 4 electrons with other atoms. That is why, carbon forms compounds mainly by covalent bonding.
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Carbon being tetravalent, is neither capable of losing all of its four valance electrons nor it can easily accept four electrons to complete its octet because both of these conditions are energetically less favourable. Therefore carbon atom prefers to complete its octet by sharing of electrons and hence forms covalently bonded compounds.
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