Question

Why does only sigma bond show inductive effect answers?

Answer 1

Inductive effect causes certain degree of polarity in the bond as it is a permanent effect due to which the electron forming the bond is displaced towards more electronegative atom or group. Greater the inductive effect, greater will be the polarity in the molecule and polarity is directly proportional to dipole moment, therefore greater the inductive effect, greater will be the dipole moment in a molecule.

For eg. increasing order of inductive effect is : CH3I < CH3Br < CH3Cl

This is because as we go down the group, electronegativity decreases. Cl is more electronegative than Br which is more electronegative than I. Greater the electronegativity, greater will be the -I effect and so greater will the polarity in the molecule. This increase in the polarity, increases the dipole moment in the molecule. Hence, the increasing order of dipole moment will also be CH3I < CH3Br < CH3Cl.