Why does size of atom changes when it gains or loses electron?
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Neutral atoms tend to increase in size down a group and decrease across a period. When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, creating an anion or cation, the atom's radius increases or decreases, respectively. This module explains how this occurs and how this trend differs from that of atomic radii.
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When an atom loses or gains an electron to form an ion, the number of electrons present in the outermost shell also changes. Corresponding to that, the effective nuclear charge on the changed number of electrons changes which further changes the size of an atom as there is an inverse relation between the effective nuclear charge and the size of the atom.
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