Question

why does sugar turn black when conc h2so4 is added to it?

Answer 1

When we add concentrated sulfuric acid to sugar the result is interesting. The sulfuric acid is dehydrating agent and it dehydrates the carbohydrate sugar, removing the water and heating it into steam leaving behind a carbon foam. Thats why it looks black.
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Answer 2

Sulfuric acid is a super-strong dehydrating agent, it sucks up water, or the components needed to produce it. Hence, the ether groups (-C-O-C-) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) in sucrose are stripped away. The overall reaction is written:

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ → 11 H₂O↑ + 12 C

Turned to colorless water and black carbon, the sulfuric acid turns sugar black.

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