Why does the climate of India vary from one region to another?
Answers
There arc two main reasons that climate varies from place to place; ..
first, the amount of energy arriving from the sun, and
second the circulation of the
atmosphere and oceans which carry heat and moisture from one placc to another.
One of the major factors determining the relative warmth of a climate is the angle of the sun in the sky.
The sun shines almost straight at the earth's equator, because the equator sits in the direct plane of the sun within the solar system. So, if you stand on the equator during the middle part of the day, the sun passes straight overhead.
At higher latitudes, such as in Europe or North America, you would be standing a little way around the curve of the earth and so the sun always stays lower in the sky. The farther away from the equator you go. the lower the sun stays until at the poles it is really only barely above the horizon during the day.
Having the sun directly overhead gives a lot more energy to the surface than if the sun is at an angle. It is rather like shining a flashlight down onto a table. Hold the flashlight pointing straight down at the table and you have an intense beam on the surface.
But hold it at an angle and the light is spread out across the table top and much weaker. If the sun is high in the sky, a lot of light energy hits each square kilometer of the earth's surface and warms the air above. If the sun is low in the sky, the energy is splurged out across the land; so there is less energy falling on the same unit area
(Figure 1.1a). This tends to make the poles colder than the tropics, because they are getting less heat from sunlight.
A second factor relating to sun angle, which helps make the high latitudes cooler, is the depth of atmosphere that the sun's rays must pass through on the way to the earth's surface (Figure 1.1b)
. Because at high latitudes the sun is lower in the sky, it shines through the atmosphere on a slanting path. At this angle, the light must pass a longer distance through more gases, dust and haze.
This keeps more of the sun's energy away from the surface, and what is absorbed high in the atmosphere is quickly lost again up into space. Think how weak the sun is around sunset just before it sinks
Sun's beam from above
Light spread across large area Light concentrated onto small area
Sun's beam spread across surface
Sun's beam spread across surface
Top of atmosphere
can hit the earth.
Summer at point A
More concentrated beam of sun
Figure 1.2. How the tilt of the earth's axis affects the angle of the sun, giving the seasons.
Spread-out beam of sun
Summer at point A
Spread-out beam of sun
More concentrated beam of sun
Figure 1.2. How the tilt of the earth's axis affects the angle of the sun, giving the seasons.
below the horizon—so weak that you can stare straight into it. The dimness of the setting sun is an example of the effect of it having to shine through a longer path of atmosphere, which absorbs and scatters the sun's light before it can reach the surface. So, the lower in the sky the sun is, the longer is its path through the atmosphere, and the less energy reaches the ground.
Only in the tropics is the sun right overhead throughout the year, giving the maximum amount of energy. This then is the key to why the poles are cooler than the tropics.
The seasons of the year arc also basically the result of the same sun angle effects (Figure 1.2). The earth is rotating on its axis at a slight angle to the sun, and at one part of its yearly orbit the northern hemisphere is tilted so the sun is higher in the sky; it gets more energy. This time of year will be the northern summer.
At the same time, the southern hemisphere is getting less energy due to the sun being lower. During the other half of the year, the southern hemisphere gets favored and this is the southern summer. Adding to these effects of sun angle is day length; the "winter" hemisphere is in night more of the time because the lower sun spends more time below the horizon.
This adds to the coldness—the warming effect of the sun during the day lasts less time, bccause the days are shorter.
Answer:
1.Direction of wind
.Direction of wind2.Human influence
.Direction of wind2.Human influence 3.Distance from the equator
.Direction of wind2.Human influence 3.Distance from the equator 4.Shape or relief