Question

Why does the moon experience extreme weather conditions (too hot or too cold)

Answer 1

Temperatures on the moon are very hot in the daytime, about 100 degrees C. At night, the lunar surface gets very cold, as cold as minus 173 degrees C. This wide variation is because Earth's moon has no atmosphere to hold in heat at night or prevent the surface from getting so hot during the day.

Answer 2

Hey mate here is your answer

The moon may be the earth's closest companion, but the conditions on the surface of these two neighbors are vastly different. Unlike the earth, which maintains a moderate temperature over much of its surface, the moon swings between extreme heat and extreme cold. The chief reason for these extreme temperature differences is the moon's lack of an atmosphere.

Conditions on the Moon

On the airless surface of the moon, temperatures depend largely on whether a given point lies in sunlight or in shadow. Areas of the surface receiving full sunlight may reach temperatures of around 121 degrees Celsius, or 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Shadowed regions and the dark side of the moon typically drop to as low as -157 degrees Celsius, or -250 degrees Fahrenheit. The moon's poles can get even colder: the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has detected lows of -238 degrees Celsius (-396 degrees Fahrenheit) at the southern pole and -247 degrees Celsius (-413 degrees Fahrenheit) at the northern pole, temperatures that may even rival those on the surface of Pluto.

No Atmosphere

The reason for this extreme temperature difference is the moon's lack of an atmosphere. The earth and the moon receive similar amounts of energy from the sun, but in the case of earth, the atmosphere deflects and absorbs some of that heat. As the sun's rays strike the gas molecules that surround the planet, those molecules absorb some of the energy and pass it on throughout the atmosphere, warming the entire planet instead of just the areas in direct sunlight. This diffusion of energy reduces the maximum temperature, and since the moon has no such protective blanket, its maximum temperatures are scorching.