Question

why does the speed of light change in different mediums. Please give a proper reason not just due to rarer or denser mediums.​

Answer 1

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When light travels through a medium other than vacuum, it will be slowed down. That's due to the fact that light scatters off the molecules that make-up different materials. The photons themselves do not slow down. But their passage through a medium involves absorption by electrons and re-emission.

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Answer 2

Speed of light does not change, it has to travel more in a medium than in vacuum, When light is passing through a medium, the electrons in the medium absorbs the energy from the light and gets excited and releases them back. ... The only reason why a photon can travel at light speeds is because it is mass less.

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