why does the temperature of reaction mixture of NH3 and water increase and the temperature of the reaction mixture of NaCl salt and water decrease
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Answer:
Chemical equilibria are important in numerous biological
and environmental processes. For example, equilibria
involving O2
molecules and the protein hemoglobin play a
crucial role in the transport and delivery of O2
from our
lungs to our muscles. Similar equilibria involving CO
molecules and hemoglobin account for the toxicity of CO.
When a liquid evaporates in a closed container,
molecules with relatively higher kinetic energy escape the
liquid surface into the vapour phase and number of liquid
molecules from the vapour phase strike the liquid surface
and are retained in the liquid phase. It gives rise to a constant
vapour pressure because of an equilibrium in which the
number of molecules leaving the liquid equals the number
returning to liquid from the vapour. We say that the system
has reached equilibrium state at this stage. However, this
is not static equilibrium and there is a lot of activity at the
boundary between the liquid and the vapour. Thus, at
equilibrium, the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of
condensation. It may be represented by
H2O (l) H2O (vap)
The double half arrows indicate that the processes in
both the directions are going on simultaneously. The mixture
of reactants and products in the equilibrium state is called
an equilibrium mixture.
Equilibrium can be established for both physical
processes and chemical reactions. The reaction may be fast
or slow depending on the experimental conditions and the
nature of the reactants. When the reactants in a closed vessel
at a particular temperature react to give products, the
concentrations of the reactants keep on decreasing, while
those of products keep on increasing for some time after
which there is no change in the concentrations of either of
the reactants or products.
Explanation: