Why does tropical deciduous trees shade their leaves in dry season?
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Answer:
Deciduous plants lose their leaves to conserve water or survive optimally under dry weather conditions. They thus reclaim new foliage during the next suitable growing season.
WHY DOES TROPICAL DECIDUOUS TREES SHED THEIR LEAVES IN DRY SEASON?
In temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere, trees shed their leaves during autumn as a cold season. In tropical and subtropical forests, trees shed their leaves at the beginning of the dry season. Many types of trees shed their leaves as a strategy to avoid harsh weather conditions. Trees that have lost all their leaves for part of the year are known as deciduous trees. Those are not called evergreen trees.
Common deciduous trees in the Northern Hemisphere include ash, aspen, beech, birch, cherry, elm, hickory, hornbeam, maple, oak, poplar, and many species of willow. In tropical and subtropical regions, deciduous trees include Acacia, Baobab, Robal, Ciba, Chaca, and several species of guanacaste.
Most deciduous trees have broad leaves that are likely to be damaged during cold or dry weather. In contrast, most evergreen trees either live in warm, wet climates or have weather-resistant needles for their leaves. However, there are exceptions in nature, such as tamarind trees, which shed their needles every autumn and live oaks that retain their broad leaves for the entire year, even in relatively cool climates.
Shedding the leaves helps the trees conserve water and energy. As unfavorable weather approaches, hormones in trees trigger the process of abscission whereby leaves are actively cut from the tree by specialized cells. The word fursa shares the same Latin root word in scissors, scindere, meaning "to cut." At the beginning of the absence process, trees retrieve valuable nutrients from their leaves and later store them for use in their roots. Chlorophyll, which gives the pigment its green color, is one of the first molecules to break down for its nutrients. This is one of the reasons why trees turn red, orange and gold in color during the fall.
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