Question

Why dose Europe consists of many small countries

Answer 1

Europe was populated by many small areas ruled over by chiefs, princes, kings, etc. etc. These were independent of each other and self-sufficient mostly. As the population grew, so did the 'countries' the people lived in. Several merged to form bigger countries for one reason or another. Other smaller countries maintained their independence. Yet others, such as Monaco, the Vatican etc. were areas given to important people. An interesting side-line on this is the number of languages we have, even in the UK, there are something like 20 different and distinct languages. (Welsh, Gaelic, Cornish, Erse, etc.)