Question

why electric field is normal to equipotential surface

Answer 1

In this case the "altitude" is electricpotential or voltage. Equipotential lines are always perpendicular to theelectric field. In three dimensions, the lines form equipotential surfaces. Movement along an equipotential surface requires no work because such movement is always perpendicular to the electric field.

Answer 2

In this case the "altitude" is electricpotential or voltage. Equipotential lines are always perpendicular to theelectric field. In three dimensions, the lines form equipotential surfaces. Movement along an equipotential surface requires no work because such movement is always perpendicular to the electric field.

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