Why febraury has 28 days and after 4 years how 29 can be added in febraury
Answers
there are total two reasons :-
1.Reason is well known. Since earth takes a round of the sun in approximately in 365 days it was necessary to have some months of 30 days and some months of 31 days. If we would have had six months of 30 days and six months of 31 days the calendar year would have been of 366 days. So it was considered necessary to have made one of the 30 days month a month of 29 days. Since instead of December, February used to be the last month of the year during those days, the February was cut short to a month of 29 days. But it was realized that earth takes about 365.25 days to take one round of the sun. So Julius Caesar had introduced the concept of leap years by making February of 30 days once every four years.
But the month July named after the name of Julius Caesar was of 31 days and the month August named after the name of the Roman emperor Augustus was of only 30 days, the month of August was converted into a month of 31 days to please the emperor by making February a month of 28 days during non-leap years and of 29 days during the leap years. This arrangement would have been all right had the earth taken precisely 365.25 days to take a round of the Sun. But it was found that it took approximately 365.24 days only. So Gregory Pope made the leap years divisible by 400 non-leap years.
But it has been recently found that earth takes 365.24219 days to take a round of the earth instead of 365.24 days. So it calls for one more adjustment.
Instead of taking care of the difference in the actual days the earth takes to take one round of the sun by cutting short the leap years the problem could have been very well tackled even by redefining the duration of a second. But perhaps this idea had not struck Gregory Pope. Perhaps even now no one is thinking on these lines. So we don’t know how the concerned authorities may address this problem - by redefining the second or by redefining the leap years once again.
2.The reason can be found looking back in history to the time of the Romans. At that time the year had 10 monthscalled Martius (March), Aprilis (April), Maius (May), Iunius (June), Quintilis (which became July), Sextilis (later becoming August), September October, November and December. In this calendar, months alternated with having 30 or 31 days in a year totaling 304 days. The others were simply winter days in which there was nothing worth celebrating, no agriculture or production and in short, were just considered unimportant.
It was the king Numa Pompilio in the year 713AD who decided that in order to adapt the calendar to the lunar one a further 2 months would need to be added. They were inserted at the beginning and the end of the year and were called Ianuarius (January) and Februarius (February) as the time of purification and the year ended up with 354 days.
The number of days in each month was also changed. At the time of Numa Pompilio, it was believed that even numbers were unlucky, so to remain in favor of the Gods, the calendar was modified to alternate months with 29 or 31 days, but the numbers didn’t add up. So, as January and February were fallow months he considered it not to be a problem in giving one of them 28 days.
However, nobody liked that the year began with an unlucky month. A day was added to January so that it would have 29 days. Equally this did not work as dates were not corresponding to the four seasons. Over a period of time days were added every few years but no one could ever agree in how many should be added.
This changed during the time of the Republic when Februarius was established as the first month and it was decided to add a new month called Mercedonius every second year. This too was not a popular solution.
Julius Cesar, the famous Roman military and political leader was the one who finally put order to the calendar. After consulting with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandra he came up with a far simpler solution. He returned Ianuarius back to being the first month, played with the even numbers that were not unlucky (which led to months having 30 and 31 days) and regarding February, he felt that 28 days for purification would be enough. The resulting calendar did not adjust completely to the movements of the sun, so this problem was solved by adding a day to Februarius every four years.
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