Question

why first ionization Enthalphy is smaller than second??​

Answer 1

Answer:

Furthermore, the electron being removed when the first ionization energy is measured spends less of its time near the nucleus of the atom, and it therefore takes less energy to remove this electron from the atom. The figure below shows the first ionization energies for elements in the second row of the periodic table.

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Answer 2

as you see that in first ionisation enthalpy

electron is emitted by using some energy

but when we go ahead for second ionisation enthalpy

effective nuclear charge is high which binds electron with power so it is hard or difficult to remove electron,, very high energy is needed

let us take an example of sodium

Na--------Na^+ + electron

above reaction is for first ionisation enthalpy

configuration of Na=2,8,1

Configuration of Na^+=2,8

but protons are same

As you see now effective nuclear charge is high

reaction for second ionisation enthalpy

Na^+--------Na^+2 + electron

this reaction uses very high energy for removing electron

Na^+=2,8

Na^+2=2,7

ionisation enthalpy 2>ionisation enthalpy 1

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