Question

Why flouride ion have only one oxo acid

Answer 1

In fluorine, due to the absence of d-orbitals, F shows only +1 oxidation state and forms only one oxoacid but cannot + 3, + 5 or +7 states unlike other members of the halogen group. Hence, fluorine does not form higher oxoacids like HOFO, $HOFO _{ 2 }$, $HOFO _{3}$ in which the oxidation state of F are +3, +4 and + 7 respectively.

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Answer 2

In fluorine d-orbitals are absent so it shows only +1 oxidation state in oxo-acid, but not + 3, + 5 or + 7. That's why unlike other members (halogens) fluorine only forms one oxoacid HOF and not others like HOFO, HOF02 and HOF03.moreover it has small size and its electronegativity is high