why gold is a soft metal
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Gold is soft because the atomic nuclei in gold is held together by a cloud of electrons. This cloud drifts through the gold structure instead of having one a set of electrons dedicated to one nucleus. The force between the nuclei and the cloud of electrons is called a metallic bond.
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Gold is called a heavy metal because of its high density, which comes from the fact that each of its atoms is individually very heavy. ... Gold is so soft, in fact, that one gram of it can be beaten into a sheet covering nearly a square metre. Such sheets are used in the process of 'gilding'.
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