Why gravitational force is acting between two objects?
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Answer:
Intermolecular Force of Attraction
Answer:
HERE YOU GO!!
All objects having mass attract each other with force known as the gravitational force. It is quite noticeable in astronomical objects such as Sun, Earth, and Moon that have enormous masses. The reason is that the force is proportional to the products of the objects’ masses. It is responsible for keeping the planets in motion around the Sun and the Moon around the Earth. Even human beings exert a force on each other, but it is quite insignificant because of relatively low masses.
Gravitational force is non-contact since there is no contact between the objects. It is centripetal since it is directed towards the center of the orbit around which the object moves. It is responsible for keeping the body in orbit. The revolving body feels a tug that is directed away from the center. This tug is called the centrifugal force. The gravitational force is the weakest of all fundamental forces.
Many famous scientists have made significant contributions to the field of gravitation. Among them were Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, who, in the early 17th century, found that all objects accelerate equally towards the center of the Earth. British mathematician Isaac Newton was the first to discover the laws of gravitation in his 1687 seminal work.
Universal Laws of Gravitation
Also known as Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation, the law states that allobjects with a mass in the universe attract each other with a force that is
directly proportional to the product of the masses
inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers
Theseare the two factorsthat affect the gravitational force. The value is high for massive objectsand when the bodies are closer to one another.
General Formula for Gravitational Force
Suppose M1 and M2 be the masses of the two bodies, and R be the distance of separation between their centers. The following equation gives the gravitational force between the two objects.
F = G M1 M2 / d2 (1)
Unit of Gravitational Force: N or Newton
Here, G is called the universal gravitational constant. It is an empirical physical constant, which has a value of 6.67 X 10-11N.m2/kg2. Its dimensional formula is M-1L-3T-2. By knowing the masses M1 and M2 and their distance of separation d, it is possible to calculate the magnitude of F.
Properties of the Gravitational Force
Here are some facts and characteristics of the gravitational force.
Attractive
Non-contact
Long-range
Does not require a medium
Directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects
Inversely proportional to the square of the distance of separation between the objects
A constant value on the surface of the Earth
Weakest of all fundamental forces
Acts along the line joining any two bodies
Examples of Gravitational Force
An example of gravitation force in our daily lives is that when an object is thrown in the air, it comes back to the surface due to Earth’s gravitation. Below are some more examples.
Earth exerts a gravitational force on every object, a phenomenon known as gravity. Gravity holds every entity, including us, on the surface and not allow to float freely in the air. We exert the same force on Earth that the Earth exerts on us. However, the Earth is so massive that it is unperturbed. An object suspended in air, if released, will fall freely towards the center of the Earth.
The difference between gravitational force and gravity is that the former is applied to any two objects in the universe. Gravity is the force between Earth and any other object close to Earth, including one on its surface.
The force of gravity is given by,
F = G ME m / RE2 (2)
Where ME is the mass of the Earth, m is the mass of an object, and RE is the Earth’s radius. If the object is at an altitude h above the surface of the Earth, then the equation modifies to,
F = G ME m / (RE + h)2
HOPE YOU UNDERSTAND
MARK AS BRAINLIEST
